Transmission of Hepatitis A virus can occur through direct person-to-person contact; through exposure to contaminated water, ice, or shellfish harvested in contaminated water; or from fruits, vegetables, or other foods that are eaten uncooked and that were contaminated during harvesting or subsequent handling.
You can become at risk from Hepatitis B if you are exposed to blood or body fluids, have sexual contact with the local population, or be exposed through medical treatment.
Sub-Saharan Africa is a high risk area for Malaria. All visitors to this region should take preventative medication. Avoid mosquito bites by covering up with clothing such as long sleeves and long trousers especially after sunset, using insect repellents on exposed skin and, when necessary, sleeping under a mosquito net. Mosquito nets and room sprays will be provided, where needed, by your hosts.
Typhoid fever can be contracted through contaminated drinking water or food, or by eating food or drinking beverages that have been handled by a person who is infected. Large outbreaks are most often related to fecal contamination of water supplies or foods sold by street vendors.
A one-time booster is recommended for any adult travellers who completed the childhood series but never had polio vaccine as an adult.
Yellow fever is spread by mosquito bites. It is uncommon in tourist areas but can cause serious, often fatal illness so most people visiting risk areas should be immunised. There is no requirement for a Yellow fever certificate for entry to Zambia, but there is for Tanzania, so bear that in mind if you are planning a beach extension to Zanzibar before or after your safari.
